Apparatus and Method for Formulation and Dispensing of Visually Customized Cosmetics

ABSTRACT

A portioning machine for providing a custom cosmetic includes a mixer having a mixing chamber and also accommodates a plurality of syringes having outlets that are directly coupled to the mixing chamber. In one embodiment, the portioning machine includes a plurality of slots, where each slot is configured to receive an assembly having at least one syringe. In another embodiment, the portioning machine includes a slot configured to receive an assembly having a plurality of syringes. Each syringe is associated with an actuator, and the portioning machine includes a portioning processor configured to control the actuators to dispense additives from selected syringes into the mixing chamber in accordance with a target set of additive ratios to produce the custom cosmetic.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This patent application is a continuation of, and therefore claimspriority from, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/427,399 filed on Feb.8, 2017, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent applicationSer. No. 62/292,567 filed on Feb. 8, 2016, each which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to cosmetics, and more particularly tocreating customized cosmetics.

SUMMARY OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, a system,apparatus and method for determining color of skin of a subject isdisclosed. The method comprises covering a region of skin with a chamberhaving an open area facing the skin. The skin is illuminated with lightcaused to enter the chamber. The light is dispersed within the chamber,and a camera, which is positioned to have a light path from the chamber,is used to record an image of a portion of the dispersed light in thechamber. The recorded image is then processed to characterize the skincolor. In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, the chamber ispredominantly white, although the chamber can be other colors in variousalternative embodiments. In other embodiments of the invention, thechamber includes an integrating sphere. In yet other embodiments, thechamber includes a plano-convex lens, a bi convex lens, or a positivemeniscus lens. The chamber may be part of a housing that is positionedover the camera, for example, by being physically coupled to a device(e.g., a mobile device) that includes the camera. The device may includea flash, and the housing may include a light passage positioned over theflash.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the processing is performed ona mobile device associated with the camera, e.g., a mobile device havingan integrated camera. In certain embodiments of the invention, thecamera has associated automatic camera settings, and the methodcomprises disabling the automatic camera settings, setting the flashassociated with the camera to a low intensity, and waiting apredetermined amount of time after firing of the flash, in order for thelight output thereof to stabilize, before capturing the image.

Certain embodiments of the invention include processing where RGB colorvalues are received from the camera and the received RGB color valuesare mapped to a CIE L a*b* color space, CIE L a*b* coordinates for eachof a plurality of stored color recipes are retrieved from a memory, anda closest match between the mapped RGB color values and a stored colorrecipe is identified so that the closest match characterizes the skincolor. In certain embodiments, user input is received to alter the RGBcolor values in accordance with user preference.

Embodiments may include a tangible, non-transitory computer readablemedium having embodied therein a computer program which, when loadedinto and executed by a device having a camera and a flash, cause thedevice to perform computer processes for determining color of skin of asubject, the computer processes comprising activating the flash toilluminate the skin to cause light therefrom to enter a light dispersionchamber through an open area facing the skin, using the camera to recordan image of a portion of the dispersed light in the chamber, andprocessing the recorded image to characterize the skin color. In certainembodiments of the invention, the camera has associated automatic camerasettings, and the method comprises disabling the automatic camerasettings, setting the flash associated with the camera to a lowintensity, and waiting a predetermined amount of time after firing ofthe flash, in order for the light output thereof to stabilize, beforecapturing the image. Certain embodiments of the invention includeprocessing where RGB color values are received from the camera and thereceived RGB color values are mapped to a CIE L a*b* color space, CIE La*b* coordinates for each of a plurality of stored color recipes areretrieved from a memory, and a closest match between the mapped RGBcolor values and a stored color recipe is identified so that the closestmatch characterizes the skin color. In certain embodiments, user inputis received to alter the RGB color values in accordance with userpreference.

Embodiments also may include apparatus for determining color of skin ofa subject, wherein the apparatus comprises a light dispersing chamberhaving an open area configured to face the skin, a camera positioned tohave a light path from the chamber, a flash, and a processor havingassociated memory and configured to perform any of the methods describedabove. In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, the chamber ispredominantly white, although the chamber can be other colors in variousalternative embodiments. In other embodiments of the invention, thechamber includes an integrating sphere. In yet other embodiments, thechamber includes a plano-convex lens, a bi convex lens, or a positivemeniscus lens. The chamber may be part of a housing that is positionedover the camera, for example, by being physically coupled to a device(e.g., a mobile device) that includes the camera, flash, and processor.The housing may include a light passage positioned over the flash. Incertain embodiments of the invention, the processing is performed on amobile device associated with the camera, e.g., a mobile deviceincluding the camera, flash, and processor. In certain embodiments ofthe invention, the camera has associated automatic camera settings, andthe method comprises disabling the automatic camera settings, settingthe flash associated with the camera to a low intensity, and waiting apredetermined amount of time after firing of the flash, in order for thelight output thereof to stabilize, before capturing the image. Certainembodiments of the invention include processing where RGB color valuesare received from the camera and the received RGB color values aremapped to a CIE L a*b* color space, CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of aplurality of stored color recipes are retrieved from a memory, and aclosest match between the mapped RGB color values and a stored colorrecipe is identified so that the closest match characterizes the skincolor. In certain embodiments, user input is received to alter the RGBcolor values in accordance with user preference.

Embodiments also may include apparatus for use in determining color ofskin of a subject, where the apparatus comprises a housing having alight dispersion chamber including an open area configured to face theskin and an opening providing a light path for a camera, and wherein theapparatus further comprises a light dispersion element disposed in thechamber in the light path. In certain exemplary embodiments of theinvention, the chamber is predominantly white, although the chamber canbe other colors in various alternative embodiments. In other embodimentsof the invention, the chamber includes an integrating sphere. In yetother embodiments, the chamber includes a plano-convex lens, a bi convexlens, or a positive meniscus lens. The housing may include a lightpassage configured to direct light from a flash into the chamber.

In accordance with other embodiments of the invention, a system,apparatus and method for providing a cosmetic having a desired colormatch to skin of a subject is disclosed. The method comprises receivinga recipe of additives matched to the skin color of the subject. Themethod further comprises calculating, based upon the recipe ofadditives, syringe displacements for a portioning machine that includesat least one cartridge collectively having a plurality of cosmeticadditives including a plurality of color pigments for cosmetics, whicheach cartridge including at least one syringe associated with a distinctone of the additives, and each syringe associated with a correspondingactuator. The method further comprises causing actuation of theplurality of actuators by the portioning machine to displace theplurality of syringes in accordance with the calculated displacements toextrude from the at least one cartridge a cosmetic that is a mixture ofat least two of the plurality cosmetic additives, wherein the extrudedcosmetic has the desired color match for the skin color of the subject.In certain embodiments, the recipe of additives specifies a volume and aset of additive ratios for the extruded cosmetic. In other embodiments,at least one cartridge is replaceable. At least one cartridge mayinclude a plurality of syringes, each associated with a differentcosmetic additive. Each actuator may be configured to produce rotationalmotion and/or translational motion.

Each syringe may include a piston that interfaces with a correspondingactuator in the portioning machine. Alternatively, each syringe mayinclude an actuator that interfaces with the portioning machine via anelectronic interface. The additives may include five color additivesincluding yellow, red, black, blue, and white additives.

In certain embodiments of the invention, each syringe is coupled througha distinct line including a one-way valve to a corresponding distinctreservoir containing a cosmetic additive associated with the syringe.Each syringe may be configured to have both a dispensing stroke and afill stroke, and the method may further comprise causing actuation of agiven actuator associated with a given syringe to perform a fill stroketo fill the given syringe from a corresponding reservoir. In certainembodiments, receiving the recipe of colors involves receiving RGB colorvalues from a camera, mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE La*b* color space, retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for eachof a plurality of stored color recipes, and identifying a closest matchbetween the mapped RGB color values and a stored color recipe, whereinthe closest match characterizes the skin color.

Embodiments also may include a portioning machine for providing acosmetic having a desired color matched to skin of a subject, whereinthe portioning machine comprises at least one cartridge slot, eachcartridge slot configured to receive a cartridge having at least onesyringe associated with a distinct cosmetic additive for a cosmetic,each syringe associated with a corresponding actuator. The portioningmachine also comprises a processor in communication with the at leastone cartridge slot, the processor configured to receive a recipe ofadditives matched to the skin color of the subject, calculate syringedisplacements based upon the recipe of additives, and cause actuation ofthe plurality of actuators to displace the plurality of syringes inaccordance with the calculated displacements to extrude from the atleast one cartridge a cosmetic that is a mixture of at least two of theplurality of cosmetic additives, wherein the extruded cosmetic has thedesired color match for the skin color of the subject.

In various alternative embodiments, the recipe of additives may specifya volume and a set of additive ratios for the extruded cosmetic. Atleast one cartridge may be replaceable. At least one cartridge mayinclude a plurality of syringes, each associated with a differentcosmetic additive. Each actuator may be configured to produce at leastone of rotational motion or translational motion. Each syringe mayinclude a piston that interfaces with a corresponding actuator in theportioning machine. Alternatively, each syringe may include an actuatorthat interfaces with the portioning machine via an electronic interface.The additives may include yellow, red, black, blue, and white additives.Each syringe may be configured to have both a dispensing stroke and afill stroke, and wherein the processor may be further configured tocause actuation of a given actuator associated with a given syringe toperform a fill stroke to fill the given syringe from a correspondingreservoir. Receiving the recipe of additives may involve receiving RGBcolor values from a camera, mapping the received RGB color values to aCIE L a*b* color space, retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinatesfor each of a plurality of stored color recipes, and identifying aclosest match between the mapped RGB color values and a stored colorrecipe, wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

Embodiments also may include a system for providing a cosmetic having adesired color matched to skin of a subject comprises a skin colormatching device and a portioning machine in communication with the skincolor matching device. The skin color matching device comprises a lightdispersing chamber having an open area configured to face the skin, acamera positioned to have a light path from the chamber, a flash, and askin color matching processor having associated memory configured toactivate the flash to illuminate the skin to cause light therefrom toenter the light dispersion chamber through the open area facing theskin, use the camera to record an image of a portion of the dispersedlight in the chamber, wherein the camera is positioned to have a lightpath from the light dispersion chamber, process the recorded image tocharacterize the skin color, and provide skin color characterizationinformation to the portioning machine. The portioning machine comprisesat least one cartridge slot, each cartridge slot configured to receive acartridge having at least one syringe associated with a distinctcosmetic additive for a cosmetic, each syringe associated with acorresponding actuator, and a portioning processor in communication withthe at least one cartridge slot, the portioning processor configured toreceive a recipe of additives matched to the skin color of the subjectbased on the skin color characterization information, calculate syringedisplacements based upon the recipe of additives, and cause actuation ofthe plurality of actuators to displace the plurality of syringes inaccordance with the calculated displacements to extrude from the atleast one cartridge a cosmetic that is a mixture of at least two of theplurality of cosmetic additives, wherein the extruded cosmetic has thedesired color match for the skin color of the subject.

Embodiments also may include a cartridge for use in a portioning machinefor providing a cosmetic having a desired color matched to skin of asubject, wherein the cartridge comprises at least one syringe, eachsyringe associated with a distinct cosmetic additive for a cosmetic. Invarious alternative embodiments, each syringe may include a one-wayinlet valve configured to direct the distinct cosmetic additive from adistinct reservoir containing the distinct cosmetic additive into thesyringe and also may include a one-way outlet valve configured to outputa portion of the distinct cosmetic additive contained in the syringe forthe cosmetic. The cartridge may be a replaceable cartridge. Thecartridge may include a plurality of syringes, each associated with adifferent cosmetic additive. Each syringe may include a pistonconfigured to interface with a corresponding actuator in the portioningmachine. Alternatively, each syringe may include an actuator configuredto interface with the portioning machine via an electronic interface.The cartridge may further include at least one reservoir, each reservoirassociated with a distinct syringe and containing the distinct cosmeticadditive associated with the syringe. Each syringe may be configured tohave both a dispensing stroke and a fill stroke, wherein the fill strokefills the syringe from a corresponding reservoir.

Additional embodiments may be disclosed and claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed incolor. Copies of this patent with color drawing(s) will be provided bythe Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of necessaryfee.

The foregoing features of embodiments will be more readily understood byreference to the following detailed description, taken with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for formulating and dispensingvisually customized cosmetics in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 2A and 2B show a cross-sectional view and a perspective view of ahousing including various internal structures in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows the housing of FIGS. 2A and 2B in relation to the lens andflash of a smart device;

FIG. 4 shows the housing of FIGS. 2A and 2B mounted to a smart device;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an embodiment for capturing an image using acolor measurement and customization system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of images captured using a colormeasurement and customization system in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention for colormeasurement from an image of the skin of a user, and customization basedon user preference and ethnographic data;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention for mappingreceived skin color from the color measurement and customization deviceto a corrected skin measurement and determining a color recipe;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention, showing conversion of a color recipe to actuator forcesand/or displacements;

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the coupling of the dispenseactuation to the additive cartridge, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 11 is an embodiment of the mixing and dispensing system withassociated actuation, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of theinvention showing a static mixer, that is, a mixer that does not rely onadditional moving parts, to cause the additives to mix;

FIG. 13 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention showing amodular cosmetic chemistry with an array of additives that can be mixedto achieve a custom color, coverage and finish;

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an alternate embodiment, of the presentinvention, of the modular cosmetic chemistry with an array of additivesthat can be mixed to achieve a custom color, coverage and finish;

FIG. 15 is a diagram, showing an alternate embodiment of the presentinvention, wherein the modular cosmetic chemistry is provided with anarray of additives that can be mixed to achieve a custom color, coverageand finish;

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention that allows auser to select a color according to the user's preference;

FIG. 17 is a diagram, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention, showing a typical embodiment of a user interface for thecolor measurement and customization system;

FIG. 18 shows an alternative embodiment of the mixing and dispensingsystem including two one-way valves;

FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram showing a portioning machine inaccordance with certain exemplary embodiments configured to usecartridges containing syringe pumps of the type shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of first type of cartridgeconfigured for use in the portioning machine of FIG. 19, in accordancewith various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of second type of cartridgeconfigured for use in the portioning machine of FIG. 19;

FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram showing a portioning machine inaccordance with certain exemplary embodiments configured to usecartridges containing syringe pumps of the type shown in FIG. 18;

FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram of first type of cartridgeconfigured for use in the portioning machine of FIG. 22, in accordancewith various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 24 is a schematic block diagram of second type of cartridgeconfigured for use in the portioning machine of FIG. 22, in accordancewith various exemplary embodiments; and

FIG. 25 is a schematic block diagram showing a holder configured to holdmultiple reservoir chamber cartridges, in accordance with certainexemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

Definitions. As used in this description and the accompanying claims,the following terms shall have the meanings indicated, unless thecontext otherwise requires:

A “computer process” is the performance of a described function in acomputer using computer hardware (such as a processor,field-programmable gate array or other electronic combinatorial logic,or similar device), which may be operating under control of software orfirmware or a combination of any of these or operating outside controlof any of the foregoing. All or part of the described function may beperformed by active or passive electronic components, such astransistors or resistors. In using the term “computer process” we do notnecessarily require a schedulable entity, or operation of a computerprogram or a part thereof, although, in some embodiments, a computerprocess may be implemented by such a schedulable entity, or operation ofa computer program or a part thereof. Furthermore, unless the contextotherwise requires, a “process” may be implemented using more than oneprocessor or more than one (single- or multi-processor) computer.References to “embodiments of the invention” with respect to aparticular function or feature do not necessary require that allembodiments include that particular function or feature.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for formulating and dispensingvisually customized cosmetics. The block diagram is broken down intothree functional units. The color measurement and customization system110, the portioning machine 120, and the cartridge 130. The divisionsbetween these functional units are somewhat arbitrary, and eachimplementation may group features into different functional units. Thecolor measurement and customization system 110 includes skin colormeasurement module 111, after-sample color adjustment module 112, andsummer 113, which combines the results of the two modules 111 and 112.In the embodiment presented here, the color measurement andcustomization system 110 functions are implemented on a smart phone orother camera-equipped portable computing device. The skin colormeasurement module 111 performs a skin color measurement of skin near oron the face 100 using spectrophotometric or comparable means. Thesubjective color adjustment module 112 is configured to operate based onat least one of user input, the color measurement itself, andethnographic purchase modeling. The subjective color adjustment module112, provides a numeric color difference to be added by summer 113 tothe color measurement before the color measurement is shared with theportioning machine 120. The portioning machine 120 has three principalcomponents, a recipe matching routine 122, a recipe library 121, anddispense and mix actuation module 123. A fourth component, the virtualpigment mixing module 115, performs a set of computations, which are runonce for a given set of additives, based on work by Paul Centore,“Perceptual Reflectance Weighting for Estimating Kubleka-MunkCoefficients,” (2014)(available athttp://munsellcolourscienceforpainters.com/ColourSciencePapers/PerceptualReflectanceWeightingForKubelkaMunk.pdf), and work by Paul Kubleka and Frnkz Munk, “AnArticle on Optics of Paint Layers,” Z. Tech. Phys 12.593-601(1931)(available athttp://www.graphics.cornell.edu/˜westin/pubs/kubelka.pdf), among others;these articles are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The result of this virtual pigment mixing is a matrix of additive ratiosand an accurate prediction of the resulting color. This matrix iswritten to the mixing machine once at the time of manufacture, and (toaccount for pigment changes or calibration adjustments) occasionallyafterward via update as needed. The recipe library 121 may also be madeavailable via nonvolatile memory attached to the cartridge 130. Theportioning machine 120, in this embodiment, is a single physical machineroughly the size of a single-serve coffee maker. The recipe matchingroutine 122 takes the adjusted color from the color measurement andcustomization system 110 and converts the color to the corresponding CIEL a* b* color. The recipe matching routine 122 then runs a nearestneighbor search to identify the nearest color match. The match with theminimum Euclidian distance is taken to be the nearest color match. Theselected recipe, in the form of a volume and a set of pigment ratios isdelivered to the dispense and mix actuation module 123. The dispense andmix actuation module 123 acts on the cartridge 130 to cause appropriatevolumes of each additive 131 to be dispensed, mixed in the cartridge130, and dispensed into consumer packaging 140.

FIGS. 2A and 2B show a housing 200 that covers the lens and flash LED ofa portable camera such as a camera that is part of a smart phone orother camera-equipped portable computing device (sometimes generallyreferred to herein as a “smart device”) that implements the colormeasurement and customization system. FIG. 2A shows a cross-section ofthe color measurement and customization system including the variousinternal structures. FIG. 2B shows an alternative cross-section of thecolor measurement and customization system perspective.

The housing 200 directs the light from the flash LED built into thecamera through the reflective light pipe 205. The light reflects off theinner surface of the light pipe until it is either absorbed or entersthe integration sphere 203. This integration sphere 203 is coated with adiffuse, highly reflective coating, which causes the light to reflectoff the inner surface one or more times before illuminating the skinsample visible in the port 204, thereby providing non-directionalillumination to the skin sample. When the measurement face 209 of thecolor measurement and customization system housing 200 is held againstthe skin, the housing 208, being opaque, prevents ambient light fromentering the integration sphere 203. Some of the light which strikes theskin sample through the port 204 passes through a plano-convex lens heldin a suitably shaped counter bore 202 and passes into the camera lens ofthe smart device 201. The plano-convex lens is oriented such that theconvex surface faces the port 204. Thus the convex surface distributesany light reflected from the convex surface into the sphere, instead ofconcentrating the reflected light back toward the port 204. Theplano-convex lens also serves to shorten the focal distance—acting as amacro lens. The housing 208 attaches to the smartphone or smart device301, e.g., via pressure sensitive adhesive applied to the mountingsurface 207. When properly attached, the camera lens is centered in thecounterbore 201 and the flash LED is centered in the entry to thereflective light passage 205. While this exemplary embodiment isdescribed with reference to a plano-convex lens, it should be noted thatalternative embodiments may use another type of lens, such as, forexample, a bi convex lens or a positive meniscus lens.

FIG. 3 shows the housing 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B in relation to the lensand flash of a smart device 301.

FIG. 4 shows the housing 200 of FIGS. 2A and 2B mounted to a smartdevice. The housing 200 may be attached to the smart device usingpressure sensitive adhesive, glue, or other attachment mechanism.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an embodiment for capturing an image using thecolor measurement and customization system in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. The smart device providing thecamera also includes a processor, and the processor has associatedmemory for storing an application that can be executed on the processor.The application requests exclusive control of the camera in process 501,via the provided API call. If control is not granted, execution isaborted. Once control is granted, the application disables all automaticcamera settings (focus, shutter speed, exposure, etc.) again usingdocumented API calls in process 502. Once automatic control is disabled,the application, via API calls, sets the exposure duration, and othersettings chosen to allow for clear, well-lit images with the attachedcolor measurement and customization system housing in process 503. It isvitally important, on at least some operating systems, for theapplication to set the focal point of interest—the point of the imagethe camera uses to evaluate focus and other image properties. Theapplication illuminates the flash LED in low intensity mode in process504 and waits for the light output for the phosphors in the LED tostabilize (e.g., around 5 seconds in certain exemplary embodiments) inprocess 505. The application captures an image, again via API call, andsaves the image to the device photo library in process 506.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of an image captured using acamera 301 with the housing 200. The captured image 600 includes pixelsthat measure the light reaching the camera imaging device from theinside of the integration sphere 203. These pixels, corresponding tothose in region 602, form the majority of the image. The pixels inregion 602 can be used to set the white balance of the image, are usefulas a calibration reference, and are an excellent target for focal pointof interest functions built into the device operating system. The regionnear the center of image 601 is made up of pixels with values thatchange based on light reflected by the skin presented to port 204. Thepixel values in region 601 are processed to obtain the colormeasurement.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention for colormeasurement from an image of the skin of a user, and customization basedon user preference and ethnographic data. Once the image is captured, asabove, the color is extracted by averaging in process 701 all pixelvalues (e.g., RGB values) in region 601. Averaging compensates in somemeasure for variations in skin tone and imaging noise over the areabeing measured. This averaging preferably is accomplished usingfloating-point arithmetic, to allow for the increase in measurementprecision afforded by the average. The color data is then passed to aset of three second-order polynomials in process 702 which return acalibrated color. The coefficients of these polynomials have been chosenusing regression analysis and a calibration data set. The user can inputa color adjustment via the user interface (described below). Thisuser-input color correction is retrieved in process 704 together with asecond ethnographic color adjustment in process 705. This ethnographiccolor adjustment in process 705 can be used to accommodate regional andethnic purchase preference, to increase the likelihood of a first-timecolor match. The subjective color adjustment in process 704 andethnographic color adjustment in process 705 are added in process 706 tothe calibrated color value. The resulting corrected, customized colorcan be output in process 703 in any of several ways. The correctedvalues can be displayed on screen, stored in memory, and/or transmittedto the portioning machine 120.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention, for mapping received skin color from the color measurementand customization device to a corrected skin measurement and determininga color recipe. In order to select a recipe to match a customer's skintone preference, RGB values (corrected using calibration data andcustomized to match user preference and purchase trends) are receivedfrom the color measurement and customization device in process 801. Inthis embodiment, these RGB values conform to the sRGB standard, and, inprocess 802, are mapped to the CIE L a* b* color space for further use.In process 803, CIE L a* b* color recipe coordinates are retrieved fromthe library. Finally, a nearest neighbor search is performed in process804 using the colors for each of the CIE L a* b* coordinates in thecolor recipe retrieved in process 803 from the library. In process 805,the recipe associated with the nearest color is returned as the recipeto formulate.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention, showing conversion of a color recipe to actuator forcesand/or displacements. The desired color recipe, consisting of ratios ofadditives which sum to unity, as well as an intended total final volume,is received in process 901 by the dispense and mix actuation controlfirmware. This firmware, using constants that relate actuatordisplacements and dispensed volume, calculates in process 902 therequired motions of each of the actuators. The constants may be stored,for example, in the portioning machine 120, or in non-volatile memoryphysically attached to the cartridge 130. The calculated displacementsare then relayed to the dispense control electronics in process 903.These dispense control electronics then cause actuator motions inprocess 905 that result in dispensing of product. Depending on the skincolor or desired color recipe, some additives may not be included in thefinal product. Therefore, some actuator displacements may calculate tozero such that the corresponding actuator(s) receive zero displacementby the dispense control electronics. In embodiments where actuators areused for mixing, the firmware, via mix control electronics in process904, also calculates displacements for the mix actuators. The mixcontrol electronics in process 906 cause actuator motions that result inthe mixing and dispensing of the finished product.

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the coupling of the dispenseactuation to the additive cartridge, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention. The dispense control electronics 903 send signalsto the dispense actuators 905 a-905 f. Six actuators are shown here,although many more actuators can be incorporated, depending on thespecific embodiment. A single actuator can also be moved from oneadditive to another using another actuator, reducing the total number ofactuators for cartridges with high numbers of pigments. Each actuator905 a-905 f is capable of producing rotary or translationaldisplacements, or both. Each actuator is coupled to the cartridge via acorresponding mechanical linkage 1001 a-1001 f. These mechanicallinkages couple the actuator displacements to the cartridge 1010. Thecartridge 1010 includes a corresponding number of individual chambers1011 a-1011 f, each of which holds a different additive. Each additiveis sealed in its chamber by a corresponding piston 1012 a-1012 f, e.g.,with a sliding or bellows seal. The motion of the actuator works on thelinkage to produce a displacement of the piston and to cause thecalculated amount of additive to leave the chamber through itsrespective nozzle 1012a-1012f This system is in contrast to previoussystems which rely on separate pumps and reservoirs (e.g. patent U.S.Pat. No. 5,903,465).

FIG. 11 is an embodiment of the mixing and dispensing system withassociated actuation, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention. The mixer 1100 is attached to the additive cartridge 1010 sothat pigment dispensed from the cartridge flows into the mixing chamber1101. The mix control electronics 904 provide signals to the actuators906 a and 906 b. Each actuator is able to produce rotational and/ortranslational displacements of the piston 1120 and agitator 1110. Thepiston 1120 and agitator 1110 work within the mixing chamber 1101 tocombine the additives into a homogeneous fluid. Once mixed, the fluid isdispensed from the mixing chamber 1101 through the dispense nozzle 1102by the combined motion of the agitator 1110 and the piston 1120. Theforces on the dispense pistons prevent mixed fluid from re-entering theadditive reservoirs. Relatively high fluid viscosity and a relativelysmall nozzle diameter prevent the fluid from leaking from dispensenozzle 1102 before the dispensing.

FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of theinvention showing a static mixer, that is, a mixer that does not rely onadditional moving parts, to cause the additives to mix. In thisembodiment, the additives, as they exit the cartridge 1010, are forcedinto the mixer 1200 through a series of vanes or turbulators 1201 whichchurn the additives together as they are dispensed into the mixer 1200,and continuously out the dispense nozzle 1202.

FIG. 13 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention showing amodular cosmetic chemistry with an array of additives that can be mixedto achieve a custom color, coverage and finish. In this embodiment,coverage reducer additives 1301, 1302, 1303 and their associated pigmentadditives 1310 a-1310 e, 1320 a-1320 e, 1330 a-1330 e are formulated astypical silicone-water emulsion foundations (see patents U.S. Pat. No.5,965,112, U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,816 A, U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,503, which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety). Further,other than the ratios of pigments and mineral fillers, the pigment andcoverage reducer additives are identical to other additives within agiven finish. Other additives 1340 a-1340 d may contain UV protectiveingredients, vitamins, or other skincare ingredients. Each of the coloradditives 1310 a-e, 1320 a-e, 1330 a-e is formulated specifically toproduce the desired finish. For each finish there are five coloradditives, a white additive 1310 a, 1320 a, 1330 a incorporatingtitanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide. The yellow, red and black coloradditives 1310 b, 1310 c, 1310 e, 1320 b, 1320 c, 1320 e, 1330 b, 1330c, 1330 e, are each formulated with iron oxide pigments. The blue coloradditives 1310 d, 1320 d, 1330 d are essential to matching very lightand very deep skin tones. These additives are formulated with anultramarine pigment or other blue pigment. The coverage reduceradditives 1301, 1302, 1303 are used to reduce the total pigmentconcentration, and hence decrease the coverage of the resulting mix. Toproduce a custom cosmetic of a desired finish, matte for example, theportioning system would combine coverage reducer additive 1301 withpigments 1310 a-1310 e in proportions dictated by the color recipe, addany of the other additives 13401-1340 d, mix and dispense.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an alternate embodiment, of the presentinvention, of the modular cosmetic chemistry with an array of additivesthat can be mixed to achieve a custom color, coverage and finish. Inthis embodiment, the coverage reducer additives 1401, 1402, 1403 areformulated as typical silicone-water emulsion foundations (see patentsU.S. Pat. No. 5,965,112, U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,816 A, U.S. Pat. No.4,988,503, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety). The pigment additives 1410a-1410e are formulated to have thehighest pigment concentration by volume possible while allowing foringredients that improve their miscibility in the coverage reduceradditive. Other additives 1420 a-1420 d may contain, as above, UVprotective ingredients, vitamins, or other skincare ingredients. Also asbefore, there are five color additives, a white additive 1410 a,incorporating titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide. The yellow, red andblack color additives 1410 b, 1410 c, 1410 e, are each formulated withiron oxide pigments. The blue color additive 1410 d is formulated withan ultramarine pigment, or other blue pigment. The coverage reduceradditives 1401, 1402, 1403 are used to offset the total pigmentconcentration when a decrease in coverage of the resulting mix isdesired. To produce a custom cosmetic of a desired finish, matte forexample, the portioning system would combine coverage reducer additive1401 with pigments 1410 a-1410 e in proportions dictated by the colorrecipe, add any of the other additives 1420 a-1420 d, mix and dispense.

FIG. 15 is a diagram, showing an alternate embodiment of the presentinvention, wherein the modular cosmetic chemistry is provided with anarray of additives that can be mixed to achieve a custom color, coverageand finish. In this embodiment, the coverage reducer additive 1501 isformulated as typical silicone-water emulsion foundations with a naturalfinish (see patents U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,112, U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,816 A,U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,503, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entirety). The finish additives 1502 a and 1502 b areformulated to adjust finish of the natural foundation. Addition of ahigher percentage of 1502 b in will make the resulting finish more dewy.Addition of a higher percentage of 1502 a will make the resulting finishmore matte. The pigment additives 1510 a-1510 e are formulated to havethe highest pigment concentration by volume possible while allowing foringredients, which improve their miscibility in the coverage reduceradditive. Other additives 1520 a-1520 d may contain, as above, UVprotective ingredients, vitamins, or other skincare ingredients. Also asbefore, there are five color additives, a white additive 1510 a,incorporating titanium dioxide and/or zinc oxide. The yellow, red andblack color additives 1510 b, 1510 c, 1510 e, are each formulated withiron oxide pigments. The blue color additive 1410 d is formulated withan ultramarine pigment, or other blue pigment. The coverage reduceradditives 1401, 1402, 1403 are used to offset the total pigmentconcentration when a decrease in coverage of the resulting mix isdesired. To produce a custom cosmetic of a desired finish, matte forexample, the portioning system would combine coverage reducer additive1501 with a quantity of 1502 a necessary to achieve the desired finishand add pigments 1510 a-1510 e in proportions dictated by the colorrecipe, add any of the other additives 1520 a-1520 d, mix and dispense.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the invention that allows auser to select a color according to the user's preference. Once a samplehas been formulated in process 1601, the customer applies the sample anddecides if s/he is satisfied. If so, s/he can choose in process 1602 viathe smart device application user interface, to make the final fullvolume of product in process 1603. If s/he is not satisfied, theapplication will allow the user to choose a color change in process1604, and start again with another sample in process 1601.

FIG. 17 is a diagram, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention, showing a typical embodiment of a user interface for thecolor measurement and customization system. A user interaction for theskin color measurement and customization system described above is asfollows. A start screen 1701 allows the user to begin a new interaction.The user then selects the desired finish on the next screen 1702, s/heselects coverage on screen 1703, and additional additives on screen1704. The user is then directed to measure skin pigmentation at variousplaces, e.g., on or around the user's face, neck, or jaw via screen1705. Once the measurement has been made, the user is presented withscreen 1706, which presents the user's customized, calibrated color andallows the user to instruct the application to instruct the portioningmachine to formulate a sample of this color. Then begins the recursivetrial and adjust process described in FIG. 16. If the sample issatisfactory, the user can indicate so on screen 1707, which directs theuser to a final screen where payment can be made for a full quantity ofthe color as the custom foundation is being produced by the portioningmachine. If the user is unsatisfied with the sample color, then the usermay choose, on screen 1707, to adjust the color using screens 1708 a,1708 b, 1708 c, each of which offer a different method for furthercustomizing the desired color. The user can swipe between these screens.When the desired color customization is made, the user is returned toscreen 1706 to print another sample. The process repeats until thecustomer is satisfied with the shade.

In an alternative embodiment of the mixing and dispensing system ofFIGS. 10-12, as shown in FIG. 18, two one-way valves couple together areservoir chamber, a syringe pump, and a receptacle for receiving thecustomized cosmetic. In such a configuration, the reservoir chamber canhold a large amount of the pigment or other fluid (e.g. 100 or 1000milliliters), while the syringe is sized and configured to operate onsmaller amounts of the pigment (e.g. 3-7 milliliters etc.). Thereservoir chamber 1800 is a container that holds fluids that are to bedispensed in the making of a customized cosmetic product. The reservoirchamber may be a bottle, box, bag, or other container that holds fluids.The reservoir chamber is connected by a tube 1801 to a one-way valve1802. The one-way valve 1802 allows fluid to be transferred from thereservoir chamber 1800 to a syringe pump 1803. For this reason, theone-way valve 1802 may be referred to as an “inlet” valve. Fluid entersthe syringe pump 1803 when the syringe is pulled back to draw in fluid.The syringe pump 1803 operates under the control of a motor 1804. Themotor 1804 is controlled by a computer or other controller (not shown)that causes the pushing and pulling of the syringe pump 1803 to drawfluid in to the syringe 1803 or to push fluid out of the syringe 1803 .The syringe pump 1803 is coupled to a second one-way valve 1805 thatallows fluid to be directed out of the syringe 1803 through a connectiontube 1806 and to a desired receptacle 1807. For this reason, the one-wayvalve 1805 may be referred to as an “outlet” valve. The receptacle 1807may be a bottle or other container used for holding a customizedcosmetic product. Thus, the system operates first to draw fluid into thesyringe pump 1803 from the receptacle 1800 through the inlet valve 1802and secondly to push the fluid out of the syringe pump 1803 through theoutlet valve 1805 into the receptacle 1807. Once the fluid is placed inthe receptacle 1807, the fluid may undergo further mixing with otherfluids that are also dispensed into the receptacle 1807 to construct thecustomized cosmetic product. The configuration of this system providesfor less refilling of the fluid reservoir chamber, and the system canoperate to create customized cosmetics for multiple users withoutrequiring the reservoir tank to be refilled or replaced.

Although FIG. 18 shows only a single syringe pump, in many practicalapplications, there would be a plurality of syringe pumps wherein eachsyringe pump 1803 may be connected to a separate reservoir chamber 1800via a separate inlet valve 1802, and the outlet valves 1805 associatedwith the syringe pumps 1803 may be connected to a common receptacle 1807so that fluids from multiple syringe pumps 1803 can be combined in thereceptacle 1807. Each syringe pump 1803 may be actuated individually bythe computer or controller to draw in and/or push out a predeterminedamount of fluid for a given recipe, thereby allowing different mixturesof fluids from the reservoir chambers 1800 to be produced.

It should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that in anyof the above-referenced embodiments, the portioning machine may includeone or more slots configured to receive one or more cartridges. FIG. 10shows a single cartridge 1010 that includes multiple chambers, eachcontaining a specific additive, although it should be noted that invarious alternative embodiments, each chamber or subset of chambers maybe provided as a separate cartridge. Such cartridges generally includeat least part of the dispensing mechanism (e.g., piston 1012 with orwithout mechanical linkage 1001 and/or actuator 905 as in FIG. 10, orsyringe pump 1803 with or without motor 1804 as in FIG. 18). Suchcartridges generally also include a reservoir for each chamber forholding and dispensing a particular additive, although cartridges can beconfigured without a reservoir, e.g., to allow for larger reservoirs tobe accommodated.

FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram showing a portioning machine 1900in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments configured to usecartridges containing syringe pumps of the type shown in FIG. 18. Amongother things, the portioning machine 1900 includes a controller 1908, aplurality of cartridge slots 1914 configured to receive individualcartridges (described below), and for each cartridge slot, a dispenseactuator 1912 (e.g., motor 1804 as in FIG. 18). The controller 1908 isconfigured to control the dispensing operations as described above(e.g., with reference to the dispense control electronics 903) bycontrolling the dispense actuators 1912 and optionally also to controlthe mixing operations as described above (e.g., with reference to themix control electronics 904) by controlling the optional mixingactuator(s) 1916. The controller 1908 may be configured to pull recipesfrom memory 1910 and/or from a remote source via an optional networkinterface 1906. The controller 1908 may be configured to perform thecolor measurement and customization operations as discussed above usingan optional in-built camera 1902 and/or by receiving image informationcaptured by an external device, e.g., via optional network interface1906. A user interface 1904 is generally provided. The user interface1904 may be used to make manual entries to the controller 1908 and maybe used by the controller 1908 to provide status information to theuser, e.g., process status, cartridge status, etc. Ultimately, theportioning machine 1900 can output customized formulations via outlet1102.

FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of first type of cartridge 2000configured for use in the portioning machine 1900 of FIG. 19, inaccordance with various exemplary embodiments. The cartridge 2000 isconfigured to fit into a cartridge slot 1914 of the portioning machine1900. Each cartridge slot 1914 may be “keyed” to only accept a cartridgehaving a corresponding “key” in order to prevent the wrong cartridgefrom being inserted into the wrong cartridge slot 1914. The cartridge2000 includes a dispense actuator interface 2002 that is configured tointerface with the corresponding dispense actuator 1912 of theportioning machine 1900. The cartridge 2000 also includes a syringe pump1803, a one-way inlet valve 1802, and a one-way outlet valve 1805configured to operate substantially as discussed above with reference toFIG. 18. In this exemplary embodiment, the inlet valve 1802 isconfigured to connect to an external reservoir chamber 1800 via externaltubing 1801.

FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of second type of cartridge 2100configured for use in the portioning machine 1900 of FIG. 19, inaccordance with various exemplary embodiments. Cartridge 2100 includesall of the components of cartridge 2000, and additionally includes areservoir chamber 1800 having an outlet connected to the inlet valve1802 to allow fluid from the reservoir chamber 1800 to be drawn into thesyringe pump 1803.

FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram showing a portioning machine 2200in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments configured to usecartridges containing syringe pumps of the type shown in FIG. 18. Amongother things, the portioning machine 2200 includes a controller 1908, aplurality of cartridge slots 1914 configured to receive individualcartridges (described below), and for each cartridge slot, a cartridgeinterface 1922 (e.g., an electrical interface configured to provideelectrical signals between controller 1908 and a cartridge installed inthe cartridge slot 1914). The controller 1908 is configured to controlthe dispensing operations as described above (e.g., with reference tothe dispense control electronics 903) by sending electrical signals toeach cartridge via the corresponding cartridge interface 1912 andoptionally also to control the mixing operations as described above(e.g., with reference to the mix control electronics 904) by controllingthe optional mixing actuator(s) 1916. The controller 1908 may beconfigured to pull recipes from memory 1910 and/or from a remote sourcevia an optional network interface 1906. The controller 1908 may beconfigured to perform the color measurement and customization operationsas discussed above using an optional in-built camera 1902 and/or byreceiving image information captured by an external device, e.g., viaoptional network interface 1906. A user interface 1904 is generallyprovided. The user interface 1904 may be used to make manual entries tothe controller 1908 and may be used by the controller 1908 to providestatus information to the user, e.g., process status, cartridge status,etc. Ultimately, the portioning machine 2200 can output customizedformulations via outlet 1102.

FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram of first type of cartridge 2300configured for use in the portioning machine 2200 of FIG. 22, inaccordance with various exemplary embodiments. The cartridge 2300 isconfigured to fit into a cartridge slot 1914 of the portioning machine2200. Each cartridge slot 1914 may be “keyed” to only accept a cartridgehaving a corresponding “key” in order to prevent the wrong cartridgefrom being inserted into the wrong cartridge slot 1914. The cartridge2300 includes a cartridge interface 2301 configured to interface withthe cartridge interface 1922 of portioning machine 2200 and a dispenseactuator 2302 (e.g., motor 1804) that is configured to be operated viathe cartridge interface 2301. The cartridge 2300 also includes a syringepump 1803, a one-way inlet valve 1802, and a one-way outlet valve 1805configured to operate substantially as discussed above with reference toFIG. 18. In this exemplary embodiment, the inlet valve 1802 isconfigured to connect to an external reservoir chamber 1800 via externaltubing 1801.

FIG. 24 is a schematic block diagram of second type of cartridge 2400configured for use in the portioning machine 2200 of FIG. 22, inaccordance with various exemplary embodiments. Cartridge 2400 includesall of the components of cartridge 2300, and additionally includes areservoir chamber 1800 having an outlet connected to the inlet valve1802 to allow fluid from the reservoir chamber 1800 to be drawn into thesyringe pump 1803.

It also should be noted that, in various alternative embodiments, one ormore reservoir chambers can be provided as a single cartridge, e.g., asingle-color cartridge containing a single reservoir chamber or amultiple-color cartridge containing multiple reservoir chambers. Theportioning machines 1900 and 2200 may be configured to include one ormore reservoir chamber slots (not shown) with each reservoir chamberslot configured to receive a reservoir chamber cartridge, or theportioning machines 1900 and 2200 may be configured to include inletports configured to connect to external reservoir chambers via tubing orother conduit. In various alternative embodiments, multiple reservoirchamber cartridges may be provided or otherwise placed in a holder, forexample, as shown schematically in FIG. 25. Here, a holder 2500 isconfigured to hold five cartridges, specifically a cartridge containinga base material, a cartridge containing red pigment, a cartridgecontaining yellow pigment, a cartridge containing black pigment, and acartridge containing white pigment. In various alternative embodiments,the holder 2500 may be part of the portioning machine or may be separatefrom the portioning machine.

The present invention may be embodied in many different forms,including, but in no way limited to, computer program logic for use witha processor (e.g., a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signalprocessor, or general purpose computer), programmable logic for use witha programmable logic device (e.g., a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) or other PLD), discrete components, integrated circuitry (e.g.,an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or any other meansincluding any combination thereof.

Computer program logic implementing all or part of the functionalitypreviously described herein may be embodied in various forms, including,but in no way limited to, a source code form, a computer executableform, and various intermediate forms (e.g., forms generated by anassembler, compiler, networker, or locator.) Source code may include aseries of computer program instructions implemented in any of variousprogramming languages (e.g., an object code, an assembly language, or ahigh-level language such as FORTRAN, C, C++, JAVA, or HTML) for use withvarious operating systems or operating environments. The source code maydefine and use various data structures and communication messages. Thesource code may be in a computer executable form (e.g., via aninterpreter), or the source code may be converted (e.g., via atranslator, assembler, or compiler) into a computer executable form.

The computer program may be fixed in any form (e.g., source code form,computer executable form, or an intermediate form) either permanently ortransitorily in a tangible storage medium, such as a semiconductormemory device (e.g., a RAM, ROM, PROM, EEPROM, or Flash-ProgrammableRAM), a magnetic memory device (e.g., a diskette or fixed disk), anoptical memory device (e.g., a CD-ROM), a PC card (e.g., PCMCIA card),or other memory device. The computer program may be fixed in any form ina signal that is transmittable to a computer using any of variouscommunication technologies, including, but in no way limited to, analogtechnologies, digital technologies, optical technologies, wirelesstechnologies, networking technologies, and internetworking technologies.The computer program may be distributed in any form as a removablestorage medium with accompanying printed or electronic documentation(e.g., shrink wrapped software or a magnetic tape), preloaded with acomputer system (e.g., on system ROM or fixed disk), or distributed froma server or electronic bulletin board over the communication system(e.g., the Internet or World Wide Web .)

Hardware logic (including programmable logic for use with a programmablelogic device) implementing all or part of the functionality previouslydescribed herein may be designed using traditional manual methods, ormay be designed, captured, simulated, or documented electronically usingvarious tools, such as Computer Aided Design (CAD), a hardwaredescription language (e.g., VHDL or AHDL), or a PLD programming language(e.g., PALASM, ABEL, or CUPL.)

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention asdefined by the appended clauses.

Embodiments of the present invention may be described, withoutlimitation, by the following clauses. While these embodiments have beendescribed in the clauses by process steps, an apparatus comprising acomputer with associated display capable of executing the process stepsin the clauses below is also included in the present invention.Likewise, a computer program product including computer executableinstructions for executing the process steps in the clauses below andstored on a computer readable medium is included within the presentinvention.

Various embodiments of the present invention may be characterized by thepotential claims listed in the paragraphs following this paragraph (andbefore the actual claims provided at the end of this application). Thesepotential claims form a part of the written description of thisapplication. Accordingly, subject matter of the following potentialclaims may be presented as actual claims in later proceedings involvingthis application or any application claiming priority based on thisapplication. Inclusion of such potential claims should not be construedto mean that the actual claims do not cover the subject matter of thepotential claims. Thus, a decision to not present these potential claimsin later proceedings should not be construed as a donation of thesubject matter to the public.

Without limitation, potential subject matter that may be claimed(prefaced with the letter “P” so as to avoid confusion with the actualclaims presented below) includes:

P1. A method of determining color of skin of a subject, the methodcomprising:

covering a region of skin with a chamber having an open area facing theskin;

illuminating the skin with light caused to enter the chamber;

causing dispersion of the light in the chamber;

using a camera, positioned to have a light path from the chamber, torecord an image of a portion of the dispersed light in the chamber; and

processing the recorded image to characterize the skin color.

P2. The method according to claim P1, wherein the chamber ispredominantly white.

P3. The method according to claim P1, wherein the chamber includes anintegrating sphere in the light path.

P4. The method according to claim P1, wherein the camera is integratedinto a mobile device and wherein the processing is performed by themobile device.

P5. The method according to claim P1, wherein the chamber includes aplano-convex, bi convex or positive meniscus lens in the light path.

P6. The method according to claim P1, wherein the chamber is part of ahousing and wherein the housing is physically coupled to a device thatincludes the camera.

P7. The method according to claim P6, wherein the device includes aflash and wherein the housing includes a light passage positioned overthe flash.

P8. The method according to claim P6, wherein device is a mobile device.

P9. The method according to claim P1, wherein the camera has associatedautomatic camera settings and wherein using the camera to record theimage comprises:

disabling the automatic camera settings;

setting a flash associated with the camera to a low intensity; and

waiting a predetermined amount of time after setting the flash, in orderfor the light output thereof to stabilize, before capturing the image.

P10. The method according to claim P1, wherein processing the recordedimage comprises:

receiving RGB color values from the camera;

mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE L a*b* color space;

retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of a plurality ofstored color recipes; and

identifying a closest match between the mapped RGB color values and astored color recipe;

wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

P11. The method according to claim P10, wherein processing furtherincludes:

receiving user input to alter the RGB color values in accordance withuser preference.

P12. A method of providing a cosmetic having a desired color matched toskin of a subject, the method comprising:

receiving a recipe of additives matched to the skin color of thesubject;

calculating, based upon the recipe of additives, syringe displacementsfor a portioning machine that includes at least one cartridgecollectively having a plurality of cosmetic additives including aplurality of color pigments for cosmetics, each cartridge including atleast one syringe associated with a distinct one of the additives, eachsyringe associated with a corresponding actuator; and

causing actuation of the plurality of actuators by the portioningmachine to displace the plurality of syringes in accordance with thecalculated displacements to extrude from the at least one cartridge acosmetic that is a mixture of at least two of the plurality of cosmeticadditives, wherein the extruded cosmetic has the desired color match forthe skin color of the subject.

P13. The method according to claim P12, wherein the recipe of additivesspecifies a volume and a set of additive ratios for the extrudedcosmetic.

P14. The method according to claim P12, wherein at least one cartridgeis replaceable.

P15. The method according to claim P12, wherein at least one cartridgeincludes a plurality of syringes, each associated with a differentcosmetic additive.

P16. The method according to claim P12, wherein each actuator isconfigured to produce at least one of rotational motion or translationalmotion.

P17. The method according to claim P12, wherein each syringe includes apiston that interfaces with a corresponding actuator in the portioningmachine.

P18. The method according to claim P12, wherein each syringe includes anactuator that interfaces with the portioning machine via an electronicinterface.

P19. The method according to claim P12, wherein the additives includeyellow, red, black, blue, and white additives.

P20. The method according to claim P12, wherein each syringe is coupledthrough a distinct line including a one-way valve to a correspondingdistinct reservoir containing the cosmetic additive associated with thesyringe.

P21. The method according to claim P12, wherein each syringe isconfigured to have both a dispensing stroke and a fill stroke, andwherein the method further comprises causing actuation of a givenactuator associated with a given syringe to perform a fill stroke tofill the given syringe from a corresponding reservoir.

P22. The method according to claim P12, wherein receiving the recipe ofadditives comprises:

receiving RGB color values from a camera;

mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE L a*b* color space;

retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of a plurality ofstored color recipes; and

identifying a closest match between the mapped RGB color values and astored color recipe;

wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

P23. A tangible, non-transitory computer readable medium having embodiedtherein a computer program which, when loaded into and executed by adevice having a camera and a flash, causes the device to performcomputer processes for determining color of skin of a subject, thecomputer processes comprising:

activating the flash to illuminate the skin to cause light therefrom toenter a light dispersion chamber through an open area facing the skin;

using the camera to record an image of a portion of the dispersed lightin the chamber, wherein the camera is positioned to have a light pathfrom the light dispersion chamber; and

processing the recorded image to characterize the skin color.

P24. The computer readable medium according to claim P23, wherein thecamera has associated automatic camera settings and wherein using thecamera to record the image comprises:

disabling the automatic camera settings;

setting the flash to a low intensity; and

waiting a predetermined amount of time after setting the flash, in orderfor the light output thereof to stabilize, before capturing the image.

P25. The computer readable medium according to claim P23, whereinprocessing the recorded image comprises:

receiving RGB color values from the camera;

mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE L a*b* color space;

retrieving from a memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of a pluralityof stored color recipes; and

identifying a closest match between the mapped RGB color values and astored color recipe;

wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

P26. The computer readable medium according to claim P25, whereinprocessing further includes:

receiving user input to alter the RGB color values in accordance withuser preference.

P27. Apparatus for determining color of skin of a subject, the apparatuscomprising:

a light dispersing chamber having an open area configured to face theskin;

a camera positioned to have a light path from the chamber;

a flash; and

a processor having associated memory configured to activate the flash toilluminate the skin to cause light therefrom to enter the lightdispersion chamber through the open area facing the skin, use the camerato record an image of a portion of the dispersed light in the chamber,wherein the camera is positioned to have a light path from the lightdispersion chamber, and process the recorded image to characterize theskin color.

P28. The apparatus according to claim P27, wherein the chamber ispredominantly white.

P29. The apparatus according to claim P27, wherein the chamber includesan integrating sphere in the light path.

P30. The apparatus according to claim P27, wherein the camera, flash,and processor are integrated into a mobile device such that theprocessing is performed by the mobile device.

P31. The apparatus according to claim P27, wherein the chamber includesa plano-convex, bi convex or positive meniscus lens in the light path.

P32. The apparatus according to claim P27, wherein the chamber is partof a housing and wherein the housing is physically coupled to a devicethat includes the camera, flash, and processor.

P33. The apparatus according to claim P32, wherein the housing includesa light passage positioned over the flash.

P34. The apparatus according to claim P32, wherein device is a mobiledevice.

P35. The apparatus according to claim P27, wherein the camera hasassociated automatic camera settings and wherein using the camera torecord the image comprises:

disabling the automatic camera settings;

setting the flash to a low intensity; and

waiting a predetermined amount of time after setting the flash, in orderfor the light output thereof to stabilize, before capturing the image.

P36. The apparatus according to claim P27, wherein the processing therecorded image comprises:

receiving RGB color values from the camera;

mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE L a*b* color space;

retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of a plurality ofstored color recipes; and

identifying a closest match between the mapped RGB color values and astored color recipe;

wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

P37. The apparatus according to claim P36, wherein processing furtherincludes:

receiving user input to alter the RGB color values in accordance withuser preference.

P38. Apparatus for use in determining color of skin of a subject, theapparatus comprising:

a housing having a light dispersing chamber including an open areaconfigured to face the skin and an opening providing a light path for acamera; and

a light dispersion element disposed in the chamber in the light path.

P39. The apparatus according to claim P38, wherein the chamber ispredominantly white.

P40. The apparatus according to claim P38, wherein the light dispersionelement comprises an integrating sphere.

P41. The apparatus according to claim P38, wherein the light dispersionelement comprises a plano-convex, bi convex or positive meniscus lens.

P42. The apparatus according to claim P38, wherein the housing furthercomprises a light passage configured to direct light from a flash intothe chamber.

P43. A portioning machine for providing a cosmetic having a desiredcolor matched to skin of a subject, the portioning machine comprising:

at least one cartridge slot, each cartridge slot configured to receive acartridge having at least one syringe associated with a distinctcosmetic additive for a cosmetic, each syringe associated with acorresponding actuator; and

a processor in communication with the at least one cartridge slot, theprocessor configured to receive a recipe of additives matched to theskin color of the subject, calculate syringe displacements based uponthe recipe of additives, and cause actuation of the plurality ofactuators to displace the plurality of syringes in accordance with thecalculated displacements to extrude from the at least one cartridge acosmetic that is a mixture of at least two of the plurality of cosmeticadditives, wherein the extruded cosmetic has the desired color match forthe skin color of the subject.

P44. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein the recipeof additives specifies a volume and a set of additive ratios for theextruded cosmetic.

P45. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein at least onecartridge is replaceable.

P46. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein at least onecartridge includes a plurality of syringes, each associated with adifferent cosmetic additive.

P47. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein eachactuator is configured to produce at least one of rotational motion ortranslational motion.

P48. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein each syringeincludes a piston that interfaces with a corresponding actuator in theportioning machine.

P49. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein each syringeincludes an actuator that interfaces with the portioning machine via anelectronic interface.

P50. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein theadditives include yellow, red, black, blue, and white additives.

P51. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein each syringeis configured to have both a dispensing stroke and a fill stroke, andwherein the processor is further configured to cause actuation of agiven actuator associated with a given syringe to perform a fill stroketo fill the given syringe from a corresponding reservoir.

P52. The portioning machine according to claim P43, wherein receivingthe recipe of additives comprises:

receiving RGB color values from a camera;

mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE L a*b* color space;

retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of a plurality ofstored color recipes; and

identifying a closest match between the mapped RGB color values and astored color recipe;

wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

P53. A system for providing a cosmetic having a desired color matched toskin of a subject, the system comprising:

a skin color matching device; and

a portioning machine in communication with the skin color matchingdevice, wherein:

the skin color matching device comprises a light dispersing chamberhaving an open area configured to face the skin, a camera positioned tohave a light path from the chamber, a flash, and a skin color matchingprocessor having associated memory configured to activate the flash toilluminate the skin to cause light therefrom to enter the lightdispersion chamber through the open area facing the skin, use the camerato record an image of a portion of the dispersed light in the chamber,wherein the camera is positioned to have a light path from the lightdispersion chamber, process the recorded image to characterize the skincolor, and provide skin color characterization information to theportioning machine; and

the portioning machine comprises at least one cartridge slot, eachcartridge slot configured to receive a cartridge having at least onesyringe associated with a distinct cosmetic additive for a cosmetic,each syringe associated with a corresponding actuator, and a portioningprocessor in communication with the at least one cartridge slot, theportioning processor configured to receive a recipe of additives matchedto the skin color of the subject based on the skin colorcharacterization information, calculate syringe displacements based uponthe recipe of additives, and cause actuation of the plurality ofactuators to displace the plurality of syringes in accordance with thecalculated displacements to extrude from the at least one cartridge acosmetic that is a mixture of at least two of the plurality of cosmeticadditives, wherein the extruded cosmetic has the desired color match forthe skin color of the subject.

P54. The system according to claim P53, wherein the recipe of additivesspecifies a volume and a set of additive ratios for the extrudedcosmetic.

P55. The system according to claim P53, wherein at least one cartridgeis replaceable.

P56. The system according to claim P53, wherein at least one cartridgeincludes a plurality of syringes, each associated with a differentcosmetic additive.

P57. The system according to claim P53, wherein each actuator isconfigured to produce at least one of rotational motion or translationalmotion.

P58. The system according to claim P53, wherein each syringe includes apiston that interfaces with a corresponding actuator in the portioningmachine.

P59. The system according to claim P53, wherein each syringe includes anactuator that interfaces with the portioning machine via an electronicinterface.

P60. The system according to claim P53, wherein the additives includeyellow, red, black, blue, and white additives.

P61. The system according to claim P53, wherein each syringe isconfigured to have both a dispensing stroke and a fill stroke, andwherein the processor is further configured to cause actuation of agiven actuator associated with a given syringe to perform a fill stroketo fill the given syringe from a corresponding reservoir.

P62. The system according to claim P53, wherein receiving the recipe ofadditives comprises:

receiving RGB color values from the skin color matching device;

mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE L a*b* color space;

retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of a plurality ofstored color recipes; and

identifying a closest match between the mapped RGB color values and astored color recipe;

wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

P63. The system according to claim P53, wherein the chamber ispredominantly white.

P64. The system according to claim P53, wherein the chamber includes anintegrating sphere in the light path.

P65. The system according to claim P53, wherein the camera, flash, andprocessor are integrated into a mobile device such that the processingis performed by the mobile device.

P66. The system according to claim P53, wherein the chamber includes aplano-convex, bi convex or positive meniscus lens in the light path.

P67. The system according to claim P53, wherein the chamber is part of ahousing and wherein the housing is physically coupled to a device thatincludes the camera, flash, and processor.

P68. The system according to claim P67, wherein the housing includes alight passage positioned over the flash.

P69. The system according to claim P67, wherein the device that includesthe camera, flash, and processor is a mobile device.

P70. The system according to claim P53, wherein the camera hasassociated automatic camera settings and wherein using the camera torecord the image comprises:

disabling the automatic camera settings;

setting the flash to a low intensity; and

waiting a predetermined amount of time after setting the flash, in orderfor the light output thereof to stabilize, before capturing the image.

P71. The system according to claim P53, wherein the processing therecorded image comprises:

receiving RGB color values from the camera;

mapping the received RGB color values to a CIE L a*b* color space;

retrieving from memory CIE L a*b* coordinates for each of a plurality ofstored color recipes; and

identifying a closest match between the mapped RGB color values and astored color recipe;

wherein the closest match characterizes the skin color.

P72. The system according to claim P71, wherein processing furtherincludes:

receiving user input to alter the RGB color values in accordance withuser preference.

P73. A cartridge for use in a portioning machine for providing acosmetic having a desired color matched to skin of a subject, thecartridge comprising:

at least one syringe, each syringe associated with a distinct cosmeticadditive for a cosmetic.

P74. The cartridge according to claim P73, wherein each syringecomprises:

a one-way inlet valve configured to direct the distinct cosmeticadditive from a distinct reservoir containing the distinct cosmeticadditive into the syringe; and

a one-way outlet valve configured to output a portion of the distinctcosmetic additive contained in the syringe for the cosmetic.

P75. The portioning machine according to claim P73, wherein thecartridge is a replaceable cartridge.

P76. The portioning machine according to claim P73, wherein thecartridge includes a plurality of syringes, each associated with adifferent cosmetic additive.

P77. The portioning machine according to claim P73, wherein each syringeincludes a piston configured to interface with a corresponding actuatorin the portioning machine.

P78. The portioning machine according to claim P73, wherein each syringeincludes an actuator configured to interface with the portioning machinevia an electronic interface.

P79. The method according to claim P74, further comprising:

at least one reservoir, each reservoir associated with a distinctsyringe and containing the distinct cosmetic additive associated withthe syringe.

P80. The portioning machine according to claim P73, wherein each syringeis configured to have both a dispensing stroke and a fill stroke,wherein the fill stroke fills the syringe from a correspondingreservoir.

The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to bemerely exemplary; numerous variations and modifications will be apparentto those skilled in the art. All such variations and modifications areintended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined inany appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A portioning machine for providing a customcosmetic, the portioning machine comprising: a mixer having a mixingchamber; a plurality of slots, each slot configured to receive anassembly having at least one syringe, each syringe associated with anactuator and having an outlet for dispensing a distinct cosmeticadditive for a custom cosmetic, wherein the mixer and the plurality ofslots are configured such that the outlet of each syringe is directlycoupled to the mixing chamber when the assemblies are installed in theslots; and a portioning processor configured to control the actuators todispense additives from selected syringes into the mixing chamber inaccordance with a target set of additive ratios to produce the customcosmetic.
 2. The portioning machine according to claim 1, wherein theportioning machine comprises a plurality of actuators, and wherein eachsyringe includes a piston that is actuated by a corresponding actuatorin the portioning machine.
 3. The portioning machine according to claim1, wherein each assembly includes, for each syringe therein, an actuatorthat interfaces with the portioning machine via an electronic interface.4. The portioning machine according to claim 1, wherein each syringe isconfigured to have both a fill stroke to fill the syringe from acorresponding reservoir and a dispensing stroke, and wherein theportioning processor is further configured to cause actuation of a givenactuator associated with a given syringe to perform the fill stroke tofill the given syringe from the corresponding reservoir.
 5. Theportioning machine according to claim 4, wherein each syringe comprisesa one-way inlet valve that allows fluid to be transferred from thecorresponding reservoir into the syringe during the fill stroke and aone-way outlet valve that allows fluid to be directed out of the syringeduring the dispensing stroke.
 6. The portioning machine according toclaim 4, wherein the corresponding reservoir is external to theportioning machine and couples to the syringe via a conduit.
 7. Theportioning machine according to claim 4, wherein the portioning machineincludes the corresponding reservoir.
 8. The portioning machineaccording to claim 4, wherein the assembly associated with the givensyringe includes the corresponding reservoir.
 9. The portioning machineaccording to claim 1, wherein each syringe is configured to preventfluid from leaking from the outlet.
 10. The portioning machine accordingto claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber includes at least one of anagitator, vanes, or turbulators to at least partially mix such cosmeticadditives within the mixing chamber.
 11. The portioning machineaccording to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic additives include a pluralityof pigment additives and at least one non-pigment additive selected fromthe group including a foundation material, a base material, a mineralfiller material, a coverage reducer material, a finish materials, a UVprotective material, a vitamin, or a skincare ingredient.
 12. Theportioning machine according to claim 1, wherein the portioningprocessor is configured to execute computer processes including: (a)calculating actuator displacements based on a target set of additiveratios and a volume of cosmetic to be produced, wherein the target setof additive ratios is the result of performing the following computerprocesses: (i) receiving a set of RGB color values derived from arecorded image of light reflected from a subject's skin; (ii) producing,from the set of RGB color values, a subject's set of CIE L a*b*coordinates; (iii) accessing a recipe library database mapping distinctsets of CIE L a*b* coordinates to corresponding distinct sets ofadditive ratios; (iv) executing a nearest neighbor search of thedistinct sets of CIE L a*b* coordinates from the recipe library databasefor a target set of CIE L a*b* coordinates that constitutes a matchhaving a minimum Euclidian distance to the subject's set of CIE L a*b*coordinates; and (v) retrieving a target set of additive ratioscorresponding the target set of CIE L a*b* coordinates; and (b)operating the plurality of actuators to displace the plurality ofsyringes according to the calculated displacements to produce a cosmeticthat is a mixture of at least two of the plurality of cosmeticadditives.
 13. The portioning machine according to claim 12, whereinproducing a subject's set of CIE L a*b* coordinates from the RGB colorvalues comprises producing the subject's set of CIE L a*b* coordinatesin accordance with at least one of a user input, a user preference, orethnographic information.
 14. The portioning machine according to claim12, wherein the portioning processor is configured to perform at leastone of processes (i) through (v).
 15. The portioning machine accordingto claim 12, further comprising a network interface, wherein at leastone of processes (i) through (v) is performed by a remote source incommunication with the portioning machine via the network interface. 16.A portioning machine for providing a custom cosmetic, the portioningmachine comprising: a mixer having a mixing chamber; a slot configuredto receive an assembly having a plurality of syringes, each syringeassociated with an actuator and having an outlet for dispensing adistinct cosmetic additive for a custom cosmetic, wherein the mixer andthe slot are configured such that the outlet of each syringe is directlycoupled to the mixing chamber when the assembly is installed in theslot; and a portioning processor configured to control the actuators todispense additives from selected syringes into the mixing chamber inaccordance with a target set of additive ratios to produce the customcosmetic.
 17. The portioning machine according to claim 16, wherein theportioning machine comprises a plurality of actuators, and wherein eachsyringe includes a piston that is actuated by a corresponding actuatorin the portioning machine.
 18. The portioning machine according to claim16, wherein each assembly includes, for each syringe therein, anactuator that interfaces with the portioning machine via an electronicinterface.
 19. The portioning machine according to claim 16, whereineach syringe is configured to have both a fill stroke to fill thesyringe from a corresponding reservoir and a dispensing stroke, andwherein the portioning processor is further configured to causeactuation of a given actuator associated with a given syringe to performthe fill stroke to fill the given syringe from the correspondingreservoir.
 20. The portioning machine according to claim 19, whereineach syringe comprises a one-way inlet valve that allows fluid to betransferred from the corresponding reservoir into the syringe during thefill stroke and a one-way outlet valve that allows fluid to be directedout of the syringe during the dispensing stroke.
 21. The portioningmachine according to claim 19, wherein the corresponding reservoir isexternal to the portioning machine and couples to the syringe via aconduit.
 22. The portioning machine according to claim 19, wherein theportioning machine includes the corresponding reservoir.
 23. Theportioning machine according to claim 19, wherein the assemblyassociated with the given syringe includes the corresponding reservoir.24. The portioning machine according to claim 16, wherein each syringeis configured to prevent fluid from leaking from the outlet.
 25. Theportioning machine according to claim 16, wherein the mixing chamberincludes at least one of an agitator, vanes, or turbulators to at leastpartially mix such cosmetic additives within the mixing chamber.
 26. Theportioning machine according to claim 16, wherein the cosmetic additivesinclude a plurality of pigment additives and at least one non-pigmentadditive selected from the group including a foundation material, a basematerial, a mineral filler material, a coverage reducer material, afinish materials, a UV protective material, a vitamin, or a skincareingredient.
 27. The portioning machine according to claim 16, whereinthe portioning processor is configured to execute computer processesincluding: (a) calculating actuator displacements based on a target setof additive ratios and a volume of cosmetic to be produced, wherein thetarget set of additive ratios is the result of performing the followingcomputer processes: (i) receiving a set of RGB color values derived froma recorded image of light reflected from a subject's skin; (ii)producing, from the set of RGB color values, a subject's set of CIE La*b* coordinates; (iii) accessing a recipe library database mappingdistinct sets of CIE L a*b* coordinates to corresponding distinct setsof additive ratios; (iv) executing a nearest neighbor search of thedistinct sets of CIE L a*b* coordinates from the recipe library databasefor a target set of CIE L a*b* coordinates that constitutes a matchhaving a minimum Euclidian distance to the subject's set of CIE L a*b*coordinates; and (v) retrieving a target set of additive ratioscorresponding the target set of CIE L a*b* coordinates; and (b)operating the plurality of actuators to displace the plurality ofsyringes according to the calculated displacements to produce a cosmeticthat is a mixture of at least two of the plurality of cosmeticadditives.
 28. The portioning machine according to claim 27, whereinproducing a subject's set of CIE L a*b* coordinates from the RGB colorvalues comprises producing the subject's set of CIE L a*b* coordinatesin accordance with at least one of a user input, a user preference, orethnographic information.
 29. The portioning machine according to claim27, wherein the portioning processor is configured to perform at leastone of processes (i) through (v).
 30. The portioning machine accordingto claim 27, further comprising a network interface, wherein at leastone of processes (i) through (v) is performed by a remote source incommunication with the portioning machine via the network interface.